Protector Cactus

Plum plot: A foray into silvopasture

Tue, 22 Oct 2019 13:53:00 +0000

After our Broadlears adventure in silvoarable – and the general take off of agroforestry across the estate – the one area we’ve wanted to focus on next is silvopasture. This is planting trees in with animals, and often for animals.

Silvopasture delivers all the standard benefits of more trees in the landscape – managing water, improving soil and providing biodiversity habitat – but silvopasture systems also deliver direct benefits to the farm animals themselves. Shade and shelter can improve animal health and welfare, increasing live weight gain, reducing mortality in young stock etc. Where trees are planted as a forage crop they can provide minerals and nutrients otherwise unavailable, and enable livestock to self-medicate through appropriate browsing.

Above: Aerial view of Plum Plot, the site of Dartington’s experiments into silvopasture. Old Parsonage Farm can be seen in the top left corner. Image: Google Maps.

Silvopasture, we felt, would be particularly good for the Dartington Dairy goat herd who generally prefer rougher forage to grass, and have occasionally suffered from worms – something a tree with anthelmintic properties could help.

So…we actually set about trying to cook up a plan for introducing silvopasture quite soon after we finished Broadlears. It’s just that as per last time it took a little while to develop a design and select species and, on this occasion, part of the delay was also me.

Whilst the majority of trees in Broadlears are doing well, the Sichuan peppers I selected have not. As trees are not my specialism to start off, despite progressing the concept of this field I’ve been a bit loathe to plant it for fear of failure. However, at the ever inspirational Oxford Real Farming Conference, any number of speakers declared that if you don’t fail regularly you’re not trying hard enough, so I figured we should once again just crack on, see how it goes and even if it doesn’t always go well at least we’ll again be able to share our learning for the benefit of others.

I’ve also got back into the habitat of insanely long blogs…so dive in and out as suits you.

Harriet

Picking the location

A milking dairy herd is only moved short distances from the main farm, in order to be able to make it to and from the parlour with regularity and without undue stress. This already limits our field options if we’re planting trees as a forage crop for the regular milkers – and we might want to consider letting them browse directly from the trees in future.

A lot of farms have fields where they can put animals to be monitored (because they’re calving, unwell, etc). At Old Parsonage Farm this is Plum Plot. It therefore seemed logical to start here. The increased shade and shelter, plus extra nutritional grazing could have, potentially, the most beneficial impact.

Plum Plot is also positioned at the entrance to the farm and the estate so it’s an accessible location to use as an agroforestry demonstration site.

Lastly, there is a campsite in the adjacent field – so a bit of additional planting gives both the farm and campers some extra privacy.

Picking the crop

As interest in agroforestry increases, there are more and more very helpful resources out there. Some of our top research sources for this project were:

AGFORWARD
The Woodland Trust
The Organic Research Centre
The Farm Woodland Forum
The Oxford Real Farming Conference live event and archives
Our team on the ground here, including Schumacher College, Timber Strategies and Sawmills Devon
Site visits to places like The Allerton Project
Chatting to people, lots, in real life and online
The online fodder tree database for Europe

As with our last agroforestry endeavour, it was easy to feel overwhelmed by the multiplicity of options presented. As this is an initial silvopasture project on a relatively small area of the farm, we thought we’d go for a high level of diversity in the trees and use it as an opportunity to observe how both goats and cows interact with different options. This could then inform more intensive plantings of specific tree types in future.

Going for diversity also helps increase the resilience of the planting in the face of pests, disease and climate change – the hope is something is always likely to survive whatever challenges the trees may face! To that end we’ve also included some non-natives, which may be more resilient in the face of the temperatures and droughts, which are likely to increase in an era of climate change.

Lastly, a diversity of trees fits with the idea of this planting being a nutritional ‘salad bar’ of browsing options – enabling livestock to pick the tree which contains something they particularly need.

Having read, listened and asked a lot of questions about which trees to plant, the eventual plan was to have 24 trees – 12 of which would be standing trees to be potentially pollarded as forage. We decided to opt, in the end, for: Common alder, Italian alder, Small leaved lime, Wych elm, Hornbeam, Sycamore, Sweet chestnut, Beech, Black locust, Aspen, White mulberry and Red mulberry.

The plan is to intersperse these with 12 different varieties of basketry willow which can be coppiced low and sourced on the estate.

Deciding on the layout

As far as I can figure out (illuminate me if I’ve missed something) there are roughly four options for infield tree planting:

Natural regeneration or planting to mimic natural regen through random positioning. Great for some areas, filling in odd-shaped field corners for example, but problematic if you are ever likely to want to plough, reseed, roll the ground and generally carry out conventional farm practices. In terms of costs, fencing out a corner in order to enable trees to establish can be done relatively easily.

Planting individual trees, parkland-style. An approach which tends to reflect human aesthetic values more than anything else, as we become increasingly aware that trees generally prefer to grow in communities; that there are often symbiotic relationships both in the soil and between different tree species which enable them to thrive; and that being planted out on their own can make trees more susceptible to stress factors like windblow. The advantage from a silvopasture system is that trees potentially use up less space planted this way; you can arrange them to your convenience; and spread their impact, such as shade, over a wider area, giving livestock a greater number of shelter spots to choose from (which in turn means that any animal muck is spread out over a wider area and not concentrated in a few select spots). In terms of fencing, this is probably the most expensive and time-consuming option, as you have to protect each tree individually.

Trees planted in blocks. This makes them happy. They get to hang out with the friends and look after each other. It potentially makes the field challenging to negotiate with farm machinery, which tends to operate in nice straight rows. Fencing trees in groups is obviously more efficient then fencing them individually.

Trees planted in rows. The traditional approach. If one thinks of hedges, the trees are in communities, and assuming your lines are straight they’re easy to navigate with farm machinery. They can be planted as wind buffers or on contours to manage water. If you plant in single species they can be easy to harvest or you can mix them up for diversity. They make for good wildlife corridors and fencing a single row of trees is a pretty straightforward undertaking.

Due to the prominence of the field in question at the entrance of the estate, it was felt by Dartington Hall, as the landlord of the farm, that aesthetics should be given some precedence in the decision-making for this field – and that rows or blocks of trees may have too solid an impact on the landscape.

Settling on a widely spaced parkland planting may also make it easier to observe browsing behaviours: which trees do cows eat; which do goats prefer; which trees do they consume more selectively; is there an association with an animal which is known to have a particular ailment browsing from a particular tree. That kind of thing. So we opted for a 27m grid planting of individual standing trees.

The reason for 27m spacing is because that leaves 1.5m on each side of the tree for the guarding and/or a buffer from farm machinery, and a row of 24m between each tree which can then be utilised by farm machinery operating on either a 2m, 3m, or 4m system (otherwise known here as ‘the Stephen Briggs approach’). The 27m spacing also give us the option to narrow the rows to 12m in future, as long as none of the guards are more than 2m wide, should we wish to increase the density of the planting.

Once we settled on a parkland-style planting, the main question then became how to protect each tree from livestock. Dartington Dairy has a herd of Jersey cows, which should respond well to standard tree protection measures but it also has a several hundred-strong herd of dairy goats. Some of the bigger goats have a reach of about 9ft and the herd has already had ample opportunity to demonstrate a complete disregard for fencing – or indeed any attempt to separate the goats from things they might like to eat.

How to protect the trees

As previously mentioned, the downside of parkland planting is that each tree has to be protected as an individual – so the next issue to address was how best to do this.

We have a ‘standard parkland tree guard approach’ already employed on the estate, but the current method takes up quite a lot of space, so we thought it might be time to consider something new. We were looking for a guard which was: cheap; easy to put up; economical on space; protective to tree roots; protective to the tree trunk; low on maintenance effort; able to prevent competitive grass growth at the base of the tree; able to survive being used as a scratching post by a bovine weighing in at around 1 tonne…

…and which could remain impervious in the face of a determined goat.

Collecting ideas from various places and people, this is the list of options we came up with as we mulled the challenge:

Option A

This was not on the list, this was on Ben Raskin’s twitter feed. Mostly we were just jealous at how easy this picture makes it look when you’re planting your trees in straight rows and aren’t dealing with goats.

Option B

A pretty standard approach to tree guarding which may protect trees from passing deer and rabbits, but is probably unlikely to withstand anything larger.

Option C

An option shared with us by Ella Sparks, one of our colleagues at Schumacher College, who has been looking at protecting trees from sheep. This single tall post with a circle of stock fencing and a rabbit guard is inexpensive and enables stock to graze right to the base of the tree whilst protecting the trunk but, as hilighted by her mentor Andi, of Fruit and Nut Ireland, there’s no support for the tree here and the single stake is unlikely to survive being rubbed on by sheep, let alone anything larger.

Option D

Either I took this at The Allerton Project, or I borrowed it from someone who did, or it’s from somewhere else but looks similar to Allerton’s. On our visit there we learnt that having two stakes at differing lengths seemed to give the guard greater stamina, and that having a narrow guard also enabled the sheep to browse off competing grass at the base of the tree without harming the tree itself. However, we were pretty sure these wouldn’t survive cows.

Option E

Another Allerton Project inspiration, again seemingly sheep proof but we didn’t think it would survive cows or goats. Obviously you could increase the height to offer the tree more protection but, given the incredible array of things the goats appear to find palatable we were pretty sure that the plastic netting wouldn’t survive for long.

Option F

This is the Protector Cactus guard and it came with a recommendation from Interlace Agroforestry that there was basically no animal it couldn’t survive. The only initial challenge being that it wasn’t available in the UK when we were doing our research.

Option G

An example of a classic estate guard, giving parkland trees long term protection, particularly around the roots due to the width of the guard – but they are probably the priciest option. We didn’t know if the horizontal bars might enable too much access to the tree or if it would simply enable stock to browse off the periferal leaves whilst leaving the central trunk of the tree intact.

Speaking to a couple of retailers the guard has been demonstrably succesful in protecting trees from deer, when used in conjunction with a plastic tube, and they felt it should be able to withstand goats. This guard also permits stock to graze some of the competing grass growth around the base.

Option H

Another option in metal, from Paddock Fencing, this time with more closely spaced vertical bars we thought might fare better against the determined mouths and reaching necks of the goats – but still with width for root protection and sufficient height, whilst enabling a little bit of browsing of any leaves which make it beyond the guard. Slightly less expensive an initial purchase then the other estate guard option but still more than any of the timber options.

Option I

A kind of ‘do it yourself’ version of option H but in timber, which brings down the cost. Our primary concern was: how do you maintain it? Its height makes it challeging to top up the mulch or replace the tree if your initial planting doesn’t survive – without taking the whole thing apart.

Option J

The ‘Mick special’, as devised by our local Woodland Trust Outreach Advisor. You probably can’t tell from the picture but under the plastic is a zigzag pattern of wire. As the guard angles out we thought if you increased the height it might stand a chance against cows and goats, having previously proven itself agianst sheep.

Option K

The status quo parkland tree guards currently used at Dartington. Inexpensive in terms of materials, they are effective against stock but they do take up a fair amount of space in the field. Their wide girth does a great job of protecting the tree’s roots but the downside is they require regular mulching to keep grass and weeds from competing with the tree.

Conclusion

As you can tell, each option has its pluses and minuses. In the end we decided not to select just one but to use this as an opportunity to experiment and trial a variety of guards in the field.

In my mind it’s a bit like Hunger Games but with goats – we’re sending the guards in pairs into the arena to see which survives.

www.dartington.org

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Subsidies for the support of regeneration in lands owned by private owners of Extremadura.

Tue, 06 Feb 2018 10:11:57 +0000

The Cactus Protectors are within the aids, JAP 01- JAP 02 and JAP 03, and the Work Units can be changed within the same action as long as the requested help remains the same, so that they are in time to change the traditional protection system to the Cactus Protector. The lower cost of installation, will allow the beneficiary to install a greater number of protectors per hectare, making profitable and safeguarding many more points in its operation.

Beneficiaries

a) Individuals or legal entities holding holdings with private lands, inscribed in their favor in the Register of Agricultural Holdings of Extremadura, hereinafter (REXA).
b) Communities of property owners of holdings with land under private ownership, registered in the name of said community in the REXA, must be expressly stated both in the documentation that is attached to the request, and in the resolution of the concession, the commitments of execution assumed by each member of the group, as well as the amount of the subsidy to be applied for each one of them that will have the same condition of beneficiary.

Object.

a) Support for the natural regeneration of lands that have been developed, by protecting the natural regeneration and works to improve their viability.
b) The densification of pastures, aimed at increasing the number of trees with existing or compatible species and their protection against livestock attack.
c) The pruning of afforestation, destined to the adaptation of the existing trees to silvopastoral use.

d) Infrastructures through actions aimed at the installation, repair and conservation of infrastructure to ensure the viability of agroforestry systems.

Listado Ordenado Provisional Adehesados Particulares

Orden de montes particulares

Resumen Orden regeneración Montes particulares

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THE BOARD APPROVES A PLAN WITH 86 MILLION EUROS FOR THE ANDALUSIAN DEHESES

Wed, 31 Jan 2018 07:19:47 +0000

The measures will benefit 14,000 farms of a single system of sustainable exploitation, which in the autonomous community occupies 1.2 million hectares.

The Governing Council has approved the Master Plan for the Dehesas de Andalucía, which until 2021 provides for an initial investment of more than 86 million euros from the Rural Development Program (PDR), its main source of funding. Its objective is to ensure the economic and environmental viability of this unique system in Europe for sustainable management of agricultural and livestock resources and forestry, which in Andalusia occupies 1.2 million hectares. This new planning will benefit more than 14,000 dehesa farms, mostly of extensive livestock, with more than two million heads of sheep, 400,000 cattle, half a million goats and more than 400,000 Iberian pigs.

The document, prepared with the participation of representative organizations of the sector and with the mandatory reports of the Andalusian Commission for the Dehesa, will have a validity of 20 years and revisions every five years. Includes 17 strategic lines to improve the profitability of the productions; address its main threats (the decline of trees and the crisis of livestock markets, among others), and enhance the environmental, social and cultural value of the areas with dehesas. Likewise, it will contribute to boost territorial cohesion and economic diversification in the almost one hundred Andalusian municipalities that have an outstanding presence of dehesas.

Among the planned measures include those aimed at the renewal of trees, with a budget forecast of more than 27 million euros, and land (almost 19 million), as well as those aimed at improving production linked to the pasture (7 , 5) and the processing industries of their products (5,8). 4.3 million euros are also recorded for the diversification of uses and economic activities; 3.7 for comprehensive planning; 3.6 for the conservation of biodiversity, and 2.4 for the improvement of basic services, infrastructures and equipment.

On the other hand, the document includes the guidelines for integral management plans, which will be developed voluntarily by the holders of the farms and whose realization is considered a priority criterion in the access to public subsidies, both agrarian and environmental.

The plan, which can be consulted on the websites of the Ministries of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development, and Environment and Territorial Planning, provides for the creation of a committee responsible for monitoring and reviewing it. This collegiate body of participation and coordination will meet at least once a year and will be composed of personnel from the Administration and the sector.

In addition to the measures included in the Master Plan, the dehesas territories also benefit from the aid of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for pasture and livestock, which together amount to 119 million euros annually.

This productive system is also supported by the European project Libe Vil dehesa 2013-2018 which, with almost eight million euros, has helped to implement instruments such as a specific census, a network of demonstrative dehesas (productive and respectful with the environment) or the publication of guides to good practices, as well as a model of a comprehensive management plan for farms.

Andalusian dehesas

27% of the Andalusian territory is occupied by dehesas, which are also present in Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha and Castilla y León, as well as in the Portuguese region of Alentejo. Distributed mainly by Sierra Morena and the Cadiz and Subbética mountains, a total of 99 municipalities have more than a quarter of their terms occupied by pastures and find in them the basis of their economy and their natural heritage.

Currently, the main economic activities of these territories are linked to the Iberian pig, cork, sheep, fighting bull, organic farming and rural tourism. With more than 14,000 farms in Andalusia, this agrosystem generates quality products on which more than a hundred slaughterhouses and 274 meat industries depend.

From an environmental point of view, the dehesa currently has a high level of protection guaranteed in Andalusia through regional regulations on forestry, fire fighting and natural areas, as well as the specific law to boost this production system approved by the Autonomous Parliament in 2010. The community has the Biosphere Reserve of the Sierra Morena Dehesas, declared by UNESCO in 2002 and which with its 424,000 hectares is the largest protected area of this type in Spain and one of the greatest of the planet.

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I+D+I OF FRUIT FOR THE BEAR

Thu, 26 Oct 2017 16:28:59 +0000

Research and innovation in nature conservation strategies are also necessary

Last Sunday at FAPAS they were doing a very interesting volunteer activity. For the first time they used our tree protection system to evaluate their ability to survive wildlife damage.

Throughout the last decades, FAPAS has planted thousands of trees in areas osera. But when it coincides with areas of presence of deer, the survival of the plants is very low.

Deer are great destroyers of plantations. With its 200 kilos of weight, besides ramonear the leaves, the males with the horns destroy everything that is put to them ahead, or the females are mounted on two legs and the trees to eat the fresh leaves leaves in the spring.

That way, there is no choice but if they want to plant trees that feed the bears, they have to make important closures to defend each tree.

This Sunday in the voluntary activity organized by the company SOSTENIBLE BEAUTY CONCEPTS, have tested the new CACTUS protectors. A protection system that moves away from traditional plastic protectors.

A high strength wire mesh and easy installation that covers the tree and that in principle should deter deer, horses and cows from eating the plant rubbing against the protectors or crushing them directly.

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Aid to the Regeneration of the hill of meadow

Wed, 18 Oct 2017 07:48:49 +0000

Call for grants to support regeneration in private and publicly owned lands of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura.

Grants intended to support regeneration on public lands in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura, consisting of:

The support to the natural regeneration of lands adehesados, by the protection of the natural regenerate and works for the improvement of its viability.
The densification of cleared land, aimed at increasing the number of trees with existing or compatible species and their protection against cattle attack.
The pruning of afforestation, destined to the adaptation of the existing tree to the silvopastoral use.
Infrastructures through actions aimed at the installation, repair and maintenance of infrastructures to ensure the viability of agroforestry systems.

PUBLIC

1. They may be beneficiaries of the grants:

a) Public entities holding holdings with land registered in their favor in the Register of Agrarian Exploitation of Extremadura (REXA).
b) The public entities holding communal forests even if these lands were not registered in their favor in REXA, if these included in their annual declaration of communal pastures.

2. Excluded from these subsidies are areas owned by:

a) State or regional public administrations.
b) Public companies or legal entities whose capital belongs to 50% as minimum to any of the administrations mentioned in the previous section.

The total amount of the call will be 2,000,000.00 euros, being allocated in the budget line 20171205354C76000, in the Expenditure Project 201612005002200, according to the Rural Development Program of Extremadura, 2014-2020, Measure 4 “Investments in physical assets” , Sub-measure 4.4 “Support for non-productive investments linked to the achievement of agri-environmental and climatic objectives”, 4.4.2 “Support for regeneration on cleared land reinforcing the natural high-value pasture system in Extremadura, distributed in the following annuities:

Amount annuity 2017: 420,000 euros.
Amount annuity 2018: 1,236,900 euros.
Amount annuity 2019: 343,100 euros.

The maximum amount eligible for each case is set at € 40,000.
In order to be able to take a decision, the eligible amount must reach a minimum of EUR 5 000. Otherwise, the application will be rejected.
The eligible amount is set at a percentage over the investment amount, which will be 90%.

The deadline for submitting aid applications shall be twenty working days from the day following the publication of this extract and the Order of convocation in the Official Gazette of Extremadura.

PRIVATE

They may be beneficiaries:

a) Individuals or legal entities holding private farms, registered in their favor in the Register of Agrarian Exploitation of Extremadura, hereinafter (REXA).

b) Communities of properties holding land under private regime, registered in the name of said community in the REXA, must be explicitly stated both in the documentation that accompanies the application, and in the resolution of the concession, the implementation commitments assumed for each member of the grouping, as well as the amount of the subsidy to be applied by each of them, which will also have the status of beneficiary. In any case, a single representative or proxy must be appointed with sufficient powers to fulfill the obligations that, as beneficiary, belongs to the group, and the grouping can not be dissolved until the limitation period provided for in articles 45 and 70 has expired. Law 6/2011, of 23 March, on Subsidies of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura.

The total amount of the call will be eight million euros (8,000,000.00 euros), being allocated in the budget line 20171205354C77000, in the Expenditure Project 201612005002200, according to the Rural Development Program of Extremadura, 2014-2020, Measure 4 “Investments in physical assets”, Sub-measure 4.4 “Support for non-productive investments linked to the achievement of agri-environmental and climatic objectives”, 4.4.2 “Support for regeneration on cleared land reinforcing the high nature value meadow system in Extremadura, distributed in the following annuities:

Amount annuity 2017: 1,345,000 euros.
Amount annuity 2018: 3,605,000 euros.
Amount annuity 2019: 3,050,000 euros.

The maximum amount eligible for each case is set at € 40,000.
In order to be able to take a decision, the eligible amount must reach a minimum of EUR 5 000. Otherwise, the application will be rejected.
The eligible amount is established in a percentage on the amount of investment for each unit of action that will be 90%.

The deadline for submitting aid applications shall be twenty working days from the day following the publication of this extract and the Order of convocation in the Official Gazette of Extremadura.

PUBLIC

Summary: Complete:

PRIVATE

Summary: Complete:

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Aid to the Regeneration of the meadow of public entities

Wed, 18 Oct 2017 06:55:46 +0000

Call for subsidies to support regeneration on public lands in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura.

Grants intended to support regeneration on public lands in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura, consisting of:

The support to the natural regeneration of lands adehesados, by the protection of the natural regenerate and works for the improvement of its viability.
The densification of cleared land, aimed at increasing the number of trees with existing or compatible species and their protection against cattle attack.
The pruning of afforestation, destined to the adaptation of the existing tree to the silvopastoral use.
Infrastructures through actions aimed at the installation, repair and maintenance of infrastructures to ensure the viability of agroforestry systems.

1. They may be beneficiaries of subsidies:

a) Public entities holding holdings with land registered in their favor in the Register of Agrarian Exploitation of Extremadura (REXA).
b) The public entities holding communal forests even if these lands were not registered in their favor in the REXA, if these included in their annual declaration of communal pastures.

2. Excluded from these subsidies are areas owned by:

a) The state or regional public administrations.
b) Public companies or legal entities whose capital belongs at least 50% to one of the administrations mentioned in the previous section.

Amount annuity 2017: 420,000 euros.
Amount annuity 2018: 1,236,900 euros.
Amount annuity 2019: 343,100 euros.

The deadline for submitting aid applications shall be twenty working days from the day following the publication of this extract and the Order of convocation in the Official Gazette of Extremadura.

Summary: Complete:

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APPROVED BY THE GOVERNING COUNCIL THE CALL FOR AID TO THE REGENERATION OF ADEHESED PUBLIC LANDS

Tue, 26 Sep 2017 14:21:38 +0000

The Governing Council has authorized the call for subsidies to support the regeneration of public lands, with a budget of 2 million euros.

Grants financed jointly by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), public entities holding holdings or communal forests may be eligible for these grants.

According to the call notice, eligible activities will be considered as those related to the natural regeneration of land under protection by natural regeneration and works to improve its viability, as well as the densification of land with the increase in the number of trees with existing or compatible species and their protection against cattle attack.

Also included are afforestation prunings aimed at adapting existing trees to silvopastoral use and actions aimed at the installation, repair and maintenance of infrastructures to ensure the viability of agroforestry systems.

The maximum eligible amount is set at € 40,000.

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Unique application between Portugal and Spain so that the meadow is a World Heritage Site

Wed, 19 Jul 2017 07:49:32 +0000

Framed within the “Prodehesa-Montado” transboundary project, entities and public institutions in Extremadura, Andalusia and Portugal will promote the initiative for the dehesa to be declared a World Heritage Site by Unesco.

THE PROJECT CONTAINS FOUR MAJOR TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND INCLUDES THE III IBERIAN CONGRESS OF DEHESA

The project contemplates four major technical activities: adaptation of the regulatory framework that currently affects this ecosystem, its own needs and characteristics, contributing to the environmental valuation of dehesa-montado, the identification and transfer of innovation for the production and Management of products, and give visibility to these places.

It is also planned to organize the III Iberian Congress of the Dehesa, as a meeting point and debate on their situation.

More info in:

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Diploma Genoa

Fri, 14 Oct 2016 11:29:34 +0000

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Agricultural Fair Santiago Do Cacém

Thu, 13 Oct 2016 10:58:19 +0000

Excellent Conference on Agricultural Fair in Santiago Do Cacém Portugal. Very good organization and welcome from our sister country in ANSUB (Forest Producers Association Del Valle Del Sado) especially by its President Mr. Pedro Silveira and members of his technical team. It becomes very important in the neighboring country the need to reforest our Protector Cactus, a unique innovation worldwide.

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